Organophosphorus compound, and preparation process and use thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides an organophosphorus compound, a preparation process and use thereof. The organophosphorus compound of the present invention has a structure as represented by the general formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The groups are defined in the description. The organophosphorus compound of the present invention has prominent bearing capacity and excellent antiwear and antifriction performances, and can be used as an extreme pressure antiwear additive and used in lubricating oil and lubricating grease.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an organophosphorus compound, especially relates to an organophosphorus compound applicable for the extreme pressure antiwear additive, a preparation process and use thereof; the present invention also relates to a lubricating oil/lubricating grease containing the organophosphorus compound.

BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY

In the prior art, it is well known that lubrication is generally divided into fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication, and an extreme pressure antiwear additive is an essential additive in a boundary lubrication state.

An extreme pressure antiwear additive is usually added into an oil product, and the extreme pressure antiwear additive can be adsorbed on a metal surface or react with a metal surface to form an adsorption film or a reaction film to prevent scratching, seizure and even fusion welding of the metal surface, so that the lubricity and the antiwear properties of the oil product can be improved. The prior extreme pressure antiwear additive mainly comprises a sulfur-containing extreme pressure antiwear additive, a chlorine-containing extreme pressure antiwear additive, a phosphorus-containing extreme pressure antiwear additive, a nitrogen-containing extreme pressure antiwear additive, a metal salt extreme pressure antiwear additive, a boron-containing extreme pressure antiwear additive and the like. Among them, sulfur-phosphorus extreme pressure antiwear agents containing both sulfur and phosphorus are widely used because of their characteristics of high bearing capacity, good compatibility, good multiple effects and the like.

Among the phosphorus-containing extreme pressure antiwear additives, the extreme pressure antiwear additives widely used in the field of lubricating oil at present include tricresyl phosphate (T306), ammonium thiophosphate salt (T307), thiophosphate ester (IRGALUBE 353), ammonium phosphate salt (IRGALUBE 349) and the like, but their antiwear and antifriction performances are still unsatisfactory.

CN106317109A discloses a thiophosphate type extreme pressure antiwear additive, which is used as a hydraulic oil or lubricating oil additive and shows better antirust performance and better antiwear performance, thermal stability, filterability and hydrolytic stability, but its antiwear and antifriction performances are not superior to those of the extreme pressure antiwear additives in the prior art.

CN102260572B discloses a phosphorus-nitrogen extreme pressure antiwear additive, which has better antioxygen, antirust, anticorrosion performances and extreme pressure antiwear performance, can be used as a multifunctional additive for hydraulic oil, gear oil and various industrial lubricating greases, but is only used as a supplement of a sulfur-phosphorus composite extreme pressure antiwear additive.

CN101724492B discloses a zinc dithiophosphate extreme pressure antiwear additive, which has the better bearing capacity, antioxidation stability and antiwear performance compared with T405, but the compared T405 additive belongs to an oiliness agent and does not have the bearing capacity and the antiwear performance of the extreme pressure antiwear additive, so that the real antiwear and antifriction performances and the bearing capacity of the zinc dithiophosphate extreme pressure antiwear additive cannot be measured.

In addition, this invention is an organic metal salt, which is not in accordance with the development trend of no ashing of lubricating oil additives.

Cardanol is a main component of cashew nut shell oil, is a natural phenolic compound, is an important agricultural by-product in cashew nut production, and is wide in source and huge in reserve. Using this kind of natural compound with rich sources and low cost as raw material to synthesize the friction modifier having a better performance than the prior product conforms to the green chemistry requirement and the sustainable development strategic requirements, and meanwhile the extreme pressure antiwear additive with more excellent performance can be provided.

Therefore, there is an urgent need in the prior art for an extreme pressure antiwear additive that has more excellent extreme pressure antiwear performance than the existing extreme pressure antiwear additive. In addition, if the above-mentioned cardanol can be used as starting material to synthesize extreme pressure antiwear additives, it will undoubtedly improve the environmental friendliness produced by the extreme pressure antiwear additives.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies and found that the use of the organophosphorus compound with a specific structure of the present invention can provide extremely excellent extreme pressure antiwear performance, thus completed the present invention. In addition, the inventors of the present invention have found that the extreme pressure antiwear additive of the present invention can be synthesized by using cardanol as starting material, thereby the effective utilization of cardanol as agricultural by-product can be achieved.

The present invention provides an organophosphorus compound, a preparation process and use thereof, and a lubricating oil/lubricating grease containing the organophosphorus compound.

Specifically, the present invention provides an organophosphorus compound, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I):

In the general formula (I), groups G are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl, a group represented by the formula (II) and a group represented by the formula (III) (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, a group represented by the formula (II) and a group represented by the formula (III)), wherein at least one G is a group represented by the formula (II);

In the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is selected from a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III);

In the general formula (II-I), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is an integral number (preferably an integral number of 0-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

In the general formula (II-II), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₄′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

In the general formula (II-III), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond and divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond and divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₇′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is an integral number of 1-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-3); the numbers m in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); the numbers m′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, the end of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms, that is connected to group R₃′, is bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, the end of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms, that is connected to group R₄′, is bonded to group R₅′;

In the general formula (III), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups G′ present in the general formula (I) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from O, S and NR₀′ or the absence (the absence of group G′ means that P is a tervalent P atom), wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups G″ present in the general formula (I) and the general formula (II) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, O, S and NR₀′, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

In the general formula (I), groups R are independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene and C₆-C₂₀ arylene (preferably selected from single bond, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₆-C₁₀ arylene);

n₀ in the general formula (I) is an integral number of 0-10, preferably an integral number of 0-5, more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

According to the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂ and R₄ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III), wherein at least one group is selected from a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III).

According to the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; one group of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) or a group represented by the formula (II-III), the other one is H.

According to the present invention, preferably, the group represented by the formula (II-I) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18; the group represented by the formula (II-II) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18; the group represented by the formula (II-III) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18.

The organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be selected from the following specific compounds or a mixture thereof in any proportion:

The present invention provides a process for preparing an organophosphorus compound, which comprises the following steps:

Step A of subjecting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction; and

Step B of reacting the product obtained in step A with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′);

In the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₂″, R₃″, R₄″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (Y);

Wherein group R₁′″ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′″ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

Groups G′ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from O, S and NR₀′ or absence (the absence of group G′ means that P is a tervalent P atom), wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups G″ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, O, S and NR₀′, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups R in the general formula (X′) are independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene and C₆-C₂₀ arylene (preferably selected from single bond, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₆-C₁₀ arylene);

Groups G′″ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from A, —N(R₀′)₂ and R_(Z); wherein group R_(Z) is each independently selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl), groups R₀′ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl), wherein groups A are each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I and OH (preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br), wherein at least one group G′″ is A;

In the general formula (X′), n₀ is an integral number of 0-10, preferably an integral number of 0-5, more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in the general formula (X), preferably, groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (Y).

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in the general formula (X), further preferably, groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is selected from a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is selected from hydrogen.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is preferably selected from a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, preferably, the thiophosphorylating agent has a structure as represented by the formula (Z):

Wherein R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups A are each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I and OH (preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br).

According to the preparation process of the present invention, preferably, the phosphorus-nitridizing agent has a structure as represented by the formula (Z′):

Wherein groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); group A is each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, H and OH (preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br).

According to the preparation process of the present invention, either step A of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is first performed, and step B of reacting the product of step A with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is then performed; or step B of reacting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is first performed, and step A of subjecting the product of step B to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is then performed.

Namely, in the present invention, the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of the above-mentioned step B may be subjected to an epoxidation reaction, or subjected to a sulfurization reaction, or subjected to an optional hydrogenation reaction. The present invention may include at least one of the above-mentioned reactions. If the optional hydrogenation reaction is included, the hydrogenation reaction will be performed, or the hydrogenation reaction will not be performed, i.e., here the preparation process of the present invention only includes step B.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the epoxidation reaction is to react a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a product obtained from step B of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) (hereinafter, sometimes also abbreviated as the product of step B) with an epoxidizing agent. The epoxidation reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction of an epoxidizing agent and a carbon-carbon double bond (olefinic bond) to generate an epoxy group. When there is one carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule, a single epoxy group is generated, and when there are two or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule, a single epoxy group and/or two or more epoxy groups can be generated depending on the reaction conditions, the molar ratio of the reactants, and the like, in this case, the generated epoxide can be a mixture of epoxides having the single epoxy group located at different positions, or a mixture of epoxides having different numbers of epoxy groups in the molecule, or a mixture of the above two.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the sulfurization comprises a step of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a product obtained from step B of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) (hereinafter, sometimes also abbreviated as the product of step B) with a sulfurizing agent. The epoxidation reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction of a sulfurizing agent and a carbon-carbon double bond (olefinic bond) to generate a thia cyclic group. When there is one carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule, a single sulfur ring group is generated, and when there are two or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule, a single sulfur ring group and/or two or more sulfur ring groups can be generated depending on the reaction conditions, the molar ratio of the reactants, and the like. In this case, the generated cyclic sulfide can be a mixture of cyclic sulfides having the single sulfur ring group located at different positions, or a mixture of cyclic sulfides having different numbers of sulfur ring groups in the molecule, or a mixture of the above two.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the hydrogenation reaction step is an optional step, namely the hydrogenation reaction will be performed, or alternatively the hydrogenation reaction will not be performed. In the case that the hydrogenation reaction is performed, the carbon-carbon double bond in a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a product obtained from step B of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is hydrogenated, which can be a partial hydrogenation, or alternatively a full hydrogenation.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in case that the hydrogenation reaction step is not performed, the preparation process of the present invention may only comprise step B, namely, the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′).

According to the preparation process of the present invention, preferably, the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is selected from a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent. Either step A of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is first performed, and step B of subjecting the product of step A and a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent to the thiophosphorylation reaction and/or the phosphorus-nitridation reaction is then performed, or step B of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) and a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent to the thiophosphorylation reaction and/or the phosphorus-nitridation reaction is first performed, step A of subjecting the product of step B to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is then performed.

The phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) of the present invention is preferably derived from cardanol in the cashew nut shell liquid as the natural plant product, which has a structure of:

Wherein, R is C₁₅H_((31+x)), x is 0, −2, −4 or −6. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R is free of unsaturated double bond. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R contains one unsaturated double bond. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R contains two unsaturated double bonds. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R contains three unsaturated double bonds.

The organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be used as extreme pressure antiwear additive.

The organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be used in lubricating oil and lubricating grease. The lubricating oil of the present invention comprises a base oil and the above organophosphorus compound of the present invention. The lubricating grease of the present invention comprises a base oil and the above organophosphorus compound of the present invention.

Invention Effect

The process for preparing the organophosphorus compound of the present invention is simple and easy to be operated, and has high product yield with high purity. In addition, cardanol can be used as raw material in the present invention, and it is a green raw material and easy to be obtained.

In addition, the organophosphorus compound with a specific structure of the present invention has prominent bearing capacity and excellent antiwear and antifriction performances.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is the infrared spectrum of the product of Example 1-3.

FIG. 2 is the infrared spectrum of the product of Example 2-3.

FIG. 3 is the infrared spectrum of the product of Example 3-3.

FIG. 4 is the infrared spectrum of the product of Example 6-3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, the present invention is further illustrated in combination with the examples, but is not limited thereby. That is, the scope of the present invention is not to be limited by these specific embodiments, but rather by the claims appended hereto.

All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

When the specification derives a material, a substance, a process, a step, a device, an element and the like with the expression such as “known to those skilled in the art”, “well known in the art”, “prior art”, or a synonym thereof, it is intended that the objects derived by such a prefix encompasses those having been conventionally used in the art at the time of filing this application, but also includes those which may not be so commonly used at the present time, but will become known in the art as being suitable for a similar purpose.

In the context of this specification, except for what is explicitly stated, any item or matter not mentioned is directly applicable to those known in the art without any changes. Moreover, any of the embodiments described herein can be freely combined with one or more other embodiments described herein, and the resulting technical solutions or technical ideas are regarded as part of the original disclosure or the original record of the present invention, and should not be regarded as new content that has not been disclosed or anticipated in this specification, unless those skilled in the art believe that the combination is obviously unreasonable.

In the absence of an explicit indication, all percentages, parts, ratios and the like mentioned in this specification are based on the weight, unless the basis on the weight is not consistent with the conventional knowledge of those skilled in the art.

In practicing or testing the present invention, methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used, but applicable methods and materials have been described herein.

In this specification, the term “single bond” is sometimes used in the definition of a group. The so-called “single bond” means that the group does not exist. For example, assuming the structural formula —CH₂-A-CH₃, where group A is defined to be selected from single bond and methyl. In view of this, if A is a single bond, it means that group A does not exist, and the structural formula is correspondingly simplified to —CH₂—CH₃.

In the context of the present specification, the expression “number+valence+group” or similar terms refers to a group obtained by removing an amount represented by the number of hydrogen atoms from a basic structure (chain, ring or combination thereof and the like) to which the group corresponds, and preferably refers to a group obtained by removing an amount represented by the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms contained in the structure (preferably saturated carbon atoms and/or different carbon atoms). For example, “trivalent linear or branched alkyl” refers to a group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from the linear or branched alkane (namely the basic structure to which the linear or branched alkyl corresponds), and “divalent linear or branched heteroalkyl” then refers to a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the linear or branched hetero alkane (preferably removing the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms contained in the hetero alkane, or further, removing the hydrogen atoms attached to different carbon atoms). For example, divalent propyl can be

trivalent propyl can be

tetravalent propyl can be

wherein * represents the attachment end that can be bonded to the other moiety in this group.

In the context of the present invention, the linear or branched hydrocarbyl can be a linear or branched alkyl, or a linear or branched alkenyl containing one or more (for example 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2) carbon-carbon double bonds, or a linear or branched alkynyl containing one or more (for example 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2) carbon-carbon triple bonds, or a linear or branched hydrocarbyl containing one or more (for example 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2) carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-carbon triple bond.

In the context of the present specification, the alkyl group represents a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the alkane without violating the valence, and preferably a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom attached to one terminal carbon atom from the alkane. In the present invention, the alkyl can be C₁-C₃₀₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₆ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl. As the specific examples of these alkyl groups, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl and isomers thereof, and the like can be enumerated, but not limited thereto.

In the context of the present specification, the alkylene group represents a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the alkane without violating the valence, and preferably a group obtained by removing each one hydrogen atom attached to two different carbon atoms, and more preferably a group obtained by removing each one hydrogen atom attached to two terminal carbon atoms from the alkane. In the present invention, the alkylene can be C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₁-C₆ linear or branched alkylene, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene, C₁-C₃ linear or branched alkylene. As the specific example of these alkyl groups, the groups obtained by further removing one hydrogen atom from the groups of the specific examples of the above-mentioned alkyl group can be enumerated, but not limited thereto.

In the context of the present specification, the aryl group means a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the aromatic hydrocarbon without violating the valence. The aryl of the present invention can be C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₆-C₁₆ aryl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl. As the specific examples of these aryl groups, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, and the like can be enumerated, but not limited thereto.

In the context of the present specification, the arylene group means a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the aromatic hydrocarbon without violating the valence. The arylene of the present invention can be C₆-C₂₀ arylene, C₆-C₁₆ arylene, C₆-C₁₀ arylene. As the specific example of these arylene groups, phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylidene, fluorenylidene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, and the like, may be enumerated, but not limited thereto.

In the context of the present specification, the alkylaryl (arylalkyl) group means a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon without violating the valence. It can be a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the aryl moiety of the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon, therefore an alkyl aryl group can be formed (namely the attachment to the other moiety is via the alkyl group); or a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the alkyl moiety of the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon, therefore an aryl alkyl group can be formed (namely the attachment to the other moiety is via the aryl group). That is, the alkylaryl group of the present invention may be an alkyl aryl---* or an aryl alkyl---* (where * represents an attachment end in this group that can be bonded to the other group). Preferred is a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the alkyl moiety of the aryl alkane. Among others, the alkyl moiety may be a straight chain alkyl group. In the present invention, the alkylaryl group may be a group obtained by substituting any of the above-mentioned aryl groups for any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups, or may be a group obtained by substituting any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups for any of the above-mentioned aryl groups. At this time, the carbon atom number of the alkyl group and the carbon atom number of the aryl group are each independently represented. For example, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₁₀ aryl represents a group formed by the bonding of C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ linear or branched alkyl phenyl represents a group formed by the bonding of C₁-C₁₄ linear or branched alkyl and phenyl. As the specific example of the alkylaryl group, benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, dimethylphenyl, naphthylmethyl, naphthylethyl and the like can be enumerated, but not limited thereto.

In the context of the present specification, the alkylarylene (arylenealkyl) group means a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon without violating the valence. Preferred is a group formed by removing each one hydrogen atom attached to two different carbon atoms, more preferably a group formed by removing each one hydrogen atom attached to two carbon atoms from the alkyl moiety of the aryl alkane. In the present invention, the alkylenearyl group can be a group obtained by further removing one hydrogen atom from the above-mentioned alkylaryl (arylalkyl) group. As the specific example of these alkylenearyl groups, the groups such as phenylenemethyl, phenyleneethyl, phenylenepropyl can be enumerated, but not limited thereto.

In the context of the present specification, the alkyloxy represents a group obtained by the bonding of the above-mentioned alkyl moiety and “—O—”. In the present invention, the alkyloxy can be C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₁-C₆ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkoxyl. As the specific examples of these alkyloxy groups, methyloxy, ethyloxy, propyloxy, isopropyloxy, butyloxy, sec-butyloxy, tert-butyloxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy, tetradecyloxy, pentadecyloxy, hexadecyloxy and isomers thereof can be enumerated, but not limited thereto. The integral number of the present invention may be an integer of 0 or more, and it may also be an integral number of 0-30, specifically, it may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20; preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10; more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[Organophosphorus Compound]

The present invention provides an organophosphorus compound, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I):

In the general formula (I), groups G are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl, a group represented by the formula (II) and a group represented by the formula (III), wherein at least one G is a group represented by the formula (II);

In the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is selected from a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III);

In the general formula (II-I), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; groups R₂′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; group R₃′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₄′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₅′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; m is an integral number;

In the general formula (II-II), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; group R₄′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; n is a positive integral number;

In the general formula (II-III), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₄′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; group R₇′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; n is an integral number of 1-10; the numbers m in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10; the numbers m′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, the end of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms, that is connected to group R₃′, is bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, the end of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms, that is connected to group R₄′, is bonded to group R₅′;

In the general formula (III), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl;

Groups G′ present in the general formula (I) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from O, S and NR₀′ or the absence (the absence of group G′ means that P is a tervalent P atom), wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl;

Groups G″ present in the general formula (I) and the general formula (II) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, O, S and NR₀′, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl;

In the general formula (I), groups R are independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene and C₆-C₂₀ arylene;

n₀ in the general formula (I) is an integral number of 0-10.

In an embodiment of the present invention, groups G are preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, a group represented by the formula (II) and a group represented by the formula (III).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-I), groups R₁′ and R₂′ are preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-I), groups R₃′, R₄′ and R₅′ are preferably selected from H and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-I), m is preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-II), groups R₁′, R₂′ and R₃′ are preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-II), groups R₄′, R₅′ and R₆′ are preferably selected from H and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-II), n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-III), groups R₁′ and R₆′ are preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-III), groups R₂′ and R₅′ are preferably each independently divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-III), groups R₃′ and R₄′ are preferably each independently selected from single bond and divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-III), group R₇′ is preferably selected from H and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-III), n is preferably an integral number of 1-3. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-III), m is preferably an integral number of 0-5. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II-III), m′ is preferably an integral number of 0-5.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (III), groups R₀ are preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (I), G′ is absent, here, P is a tervalent P. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (I), R₀′ is preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (I) and the general formula (II), groups G″ are preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (I), group R is preferably selected from single bond, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₆-C₁₀ arylene.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (I), n₀ is preferably an integral number of 0-5, more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II), groups R₂ and R₄ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III), wherein at least one group is selected from a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III). In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (II), one group of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) or a group represented by the formula (II-III), the other one is H.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the group represented by the formula (II-I) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18. In an embodiment of the present invention, the group represented by the formula (II-II) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18. In an embodiment of the present invention, the group represented by the formula (II-III) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18. According to the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, the end of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms, that is connected to group R₃′, is bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, the end of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms, that is connected to group R₄′, is bonded to group R₅′. According to the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is 0, no sulfur atom is bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is 0, no sulfur atom is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′. In each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is not single bond, and m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to group R₃′; when group R₄′ is not single bond, and m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to group R₄′.

According to the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), the groups (S)m, (S)m′, R₂′, R₃′, R₄′ and R₅′ conform to the Bonding Rule.

In an embodiment of the present invention, m sulfur atoms being bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′ means that the end sulfur atom of the linking group formed by m sulfur atoms (or only one sulfur atom present) is bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′ (when m is 1, only one sulfur atom is present, here this sulfur atom is bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′); m′ sulfur atoms being bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′ means that the end sulfur atom of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms (or only one sulfur atom present) is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′ (when m′ is 1, only one sulfur atom is present, here this sulfur atom is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), in case that groups R₂′, R₃′, R₄′ and R₅′ are bonded to each other, a covalent bond can be formed with any conjunction end of groups R₂′, R₃′, R₄′ and R₅′. In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), in case that groups (S)m or (S)m′ and R₂′, R₃′, R₄′ and R₅′ are bonded to each other, a covalent bond can be formed with any conjunction end of groups R₂′, R₃′, R₄′ and R₅′.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when groups R₃′ and R₄′ are not single bond, and m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′, R₃′ and R₄′ are each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); when groups R₃′ and R₄′ are not single bond, and m′ is 0, no sulfur atom is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′, R₃′ and R₄′ are each independently selected from divalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when groups R₃′ and R₄′ are not single bond, and m is greater than 0, R₂′ and R₅′ are each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); when groups R₃′ and R₄′ are not single bond, and m is 0, R₂′ and R₅′ are each independently selected from divalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is single bond, R₄′ is not single bond, and m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₂′ and R₄′, R₄′ is selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); when group R₃′ is single bond, R₄′ is not single bond, and m′ is 0, no sulfur atom is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′, R₄′ is selected from divalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is single bond, R₄′ is not single bond, m is greater than 0, and m′ is greater than 0, R₂′ is selected from tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl), R₅′ is selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); when group R₃′ is single bond, R₄′ is not single bond, m is 0, m′ is greater than XX, R₂′ is selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl), R₅′ is selected from divalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from divalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is not single bond, R₄′ is single bond, and m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₅′, R₃′ is selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); when group R₃′ is not single bond, R₄′ is single bond, and m′ is 0, no sulfur atom is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′, R₃′ is selected from divalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is not single bond, R₄′ is single bond, m is greater than 0, and m′ is greater than 0, R₂′ is selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl), R₅′ is selected from tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); when group R₃′ is not single bond, R₄′ is single bond, m is 0, and m′ is greater than 0, R₂′ is selected from divalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from divalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl), R₅′ is selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when groups R₃′ and R₄′ are both single bond, and m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′, here when m is greater than 0, R₂′ and R₅′ are each independently selected from tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl), here when m is 0, R₂′ and R₅′ are each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl).

In an embodiment of the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when groups R₃′ and R₄′ are both single bond, m′ is 0, and m is greater than 0, R₂′ and R₅′ are each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); when groups R₃′ and R₄′ are both single bond, m′ is 0, and m is 0, R₂′ and R₅′ are each independently selected from divalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl).

According to the present invention, in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), for example, the structures that can be formed comprise, but are not limited thereto:

In an embodiment of the present invention, the organophosphorus compound of the present invention is at least one compound selected from the following compounds:

The organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be a single organophosphorus compound, or a mixture of multiple organophosphorus compounds conforming to the above general formula (I) in any proportion. In this case, whether the single compound or the mixture of compounds are contained within the scope of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present invention, the phosphonate ester compound has a structure as represented by the general formula (I):

In the general formula (I), groups G are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, a group represented by the formula (II), a group represented by the formula (III), wherein at least one G is selected from a group represented by the formula (II);

In the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) or a group represented by the formula (II-III);

In the general formula (II-I), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 0-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

In the general formula (II-II), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₄′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is a positive integer (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

In the general formula (II-III), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C1-4 linear or branched alkyl); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₇′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is an integral number of 1-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-3); the numbers m in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); the numbers m′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, m sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₅′;

In the general formula (III), groups R₀ are selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups G′ present in the general formula (I) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from O, S, NR₀′ or the absence (the absence of group G′ refers to P corresponding to said group is a tervalent P atom), wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups G″ present in the general formula (I) and the general formula (II) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, O, S, NR₀′, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl (preferably phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups R in the general formula (I) are each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₆-C₂₀ arylene;

n₀ in the general formula (I) is an integral number of 0-10, preferably an integral number of 0-5, more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[Process for Preparing an Organophosphorus Compound]

The present invention provides a process for preparing an organophosphorus compound, comprising the following steps:

Step A of subjecting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction; and

Step B of reacting the product obtained in step A with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′);

In the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₂″, R₃″, R₄″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (Y);

Wherein group R₁′″ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; groups R₂′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene; group R₃′″ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₄′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₅′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; m is a positive integer;

Groups G′ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from O, S and NR₀′ or the absence, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl;

Groups G″ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, O, S and NR₀′, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl;

Groups R in the general formula (X′) are independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene and C₆-C₂₀ arylene;

Groups G′″ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from A, —N(R₀′)₂ and R_(Z); wherein group R_(Z) is each independently selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl, groups R₀′ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, wherein groups A are each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I and OH, wherein at least one group G′″ is A;

In the general formula (X′), n₀ is an integral number of 0-10.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) according to the present invention is preferably derived from cardanol in the cashew nut shell liquid as natural plant product, and has a structure as shown below:

Wherein, R is C₁₅H_((31+x)), x is 0, −2, −4 or −6. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R being C₁₅H_((31+x)) is free of unsaturated double bond. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R being C₁₅H_((31+x)) contains one unsaturated double bond. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R being C₁₅H_((31+x)) contains two unsaturated double bonds. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R being C₁₅H_((31+x)) contains three unsaturated double bonds. In an embodiment of the present invention, the long chain of R being C₁₅H_((31+x)) is a carbon chain containing 15 carbon atoms and 0-3 olefinic bonds, wherein the olefinic bond(s) may appear at 8-position, 11-position and 14-position respectively.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (Y), R₁′″ and R₂′″ are preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene. In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (Y), R₃′″, R₄′″ and R₅′″ are preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (Y), m is preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (X′), G′ is absent, namely P is a tervalent P atom.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (X′), R₀′ in group G′, group G″ and group G′″ is preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (X′), group R is preferably selected from single bond, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₆-C₁₀ arylene.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (X′), R_(Z) in group G′″ is preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (X′), A is preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the formula (X′), no is preferably an integral number of 0-5, more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and the group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is the group represented by the general formula (Y). In an embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is selected from a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is selected from hydrogen.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is selected from a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the thiophosphorylating agent has a structure as shown by the formula (Z):

Wherein R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups A are each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I and OH (preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the thiophosphorylating agent can be selected from one or more of thiophosphoryl chloride, thiophosphonic dichloride, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl thiophosphonic dichloride, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl phenyl thiophosphonic dichloride and phenyl thiophosphonic dichloride (preferably phenyl thiophosphonic dichloride).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the phosphorus-nitridizing agent has a structure as shown by the formula (Z′):

Wherein groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); group A is each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, H and OH (preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the phosphorus-nitridizing agent can be selected from one or more of amino phosphoryl chloride, C₁-C₁₀ alkylaminophosphoryl chloride, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl phenylamino phosphoryl chloride and phenylamino phosphoryl chloride, preferably C₁-C₁₀ alkylaminophosphoryl chloride.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, either step A of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is first performed, and step B of reacting the product of step A with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is then performed; or step B of reacting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is first performed, and step A of subjecting the product of step B to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is then performed.

Namely, in the present invention, the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of the above-mentioned step B may be subjected to an epoxidation reaction, or subjected to a sulfurization reaction, or subjected to an optional hydrogenation reaction. The present invention may include at least one of the above-mentioned reactions. If the optional hydrogenation reaction is included, the hydrogenation reaction will be performed, or the hydrogenation reaction will not be performed, i.e., here the preparation process of the present invention only includes step B.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the epoxidation reaction is to react a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a product obtained from step B of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) (hereinafter, sometimes also abbreviated as the product of step B) with an epoxidizing agent. The epoxidation reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction of an epoxidizing agent with a carbon-carbon double bond (olefinic bond) to generate an epoxy group. When there is one carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule, a single epoxy group is generated, and when there are two or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule, a single epoxy group and/or two or more epoxy groups can be generated depending on the reaction conditions, the molar ratio of the reactants, and the like, in this case, the generated epoxide can be a mixture of epoxides having the single epoxy group located at different positions, or a mixture of epoxides having different numbers of epoxy groups in the molecule, or a mixture of the above two.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the used epoxidizing agent can be those epoxidizing agents useful for the epoxidation reaction well known in the art. The epoxidizing agent is preferably a peroxide, for example can be selected from one or more of hydrogen peroxide, peroxyformic acid, peroxyacetic acid, peroxysulfonic acid, m-chloro peroxybenzoic acid, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxyacetate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in the epoxidation reaction, the reaction mole ratio of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step B to the epoxidizing agent, depending on the number of the epoxy group(s) to be generated, is preferably 1:1-10, more preferably 1:2-5. The conditions of the epoxidation reaction can be those epoxidation conditions well known in the art, for example the reaction temperature is 0° C.-100° C., preferably 10° C.-80° C. Usually, the longer the reaction time is, the higher the conversion is, and under the overall consideration of the reaction conversion and the reaction economy, the reaction time is generally 0.5-10 hours, preferably 3-5 hours.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in the epoxidation reaction, a catalyst is optionally but preferably added. The catalyst useful for the epoxidation reaction well known in the art can be used as the catalyst, and the catalyst is preferably an inorganic acid, for example can be selected from one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, a heteropoly acid and a solid acid. The mass of the catalyst is not particularly limited, and usually is 0.01%-3%, preferably 0.2%-0.6% by mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step B.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, after the completion of the epoxidation reaction, the reaction product may be subjected to a purification treatment by using the method well known in the art, the method of the purification treatment comprises one or more of water washing, distillation, filtration, drying, and recrystallization methods, without particular limitation. After an inorganic acid catalyst has been added in the epoxidation reaction, the method of the purification treatment can comprise one or more of alkali washing, water washing, distillation, filtration, drying, and recrystallization methods.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the sulfurization comprises a step of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a product obtained from step B of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) (hereinafter, sometimes also abbreviated as the product of step B) with a sulfurizing agent. The epoxidation reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction of a sulfurizing agent with a carbon-carbon double bond (olefinic bond) to generate a thia cyclic group. When there is one carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule, a single sulfur ring group is generated, and when there are two or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule, a single sulfur ring group and/or two or more sulfur ring groups can be generated depending on the reaction conditions, the molar ratio of the reactants, and the like. In this case, the generated cyclic sulfide can be a mixture of cyclic sulfides having the single sulfur ring group located at different positions, or a mixture of cyclic sulfides having different numbers of sulfur ring groups in the molecule, or a mixture of the above two.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, a sulfurizing agent well known in the art and useful in the thia cyclization reaction can be used as the sulfurizing agent. The sulfurizing agent is preferably an inorganic sulfurizing agent and/or an organic sulfurizing agent, the inorganic sulfurizing agent can be selected from one or more of sulphur, Na₂S, K₂S, ZnS, H₂S and SCl; the organic sulfurizing agent can be selected from one or more of ditertbutyl polysulfide (DBPS), dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), ethyl mercaptan (EM), n-butyl mercaptan (NBM) and tertnonyl polysulfide (TNPS); the sulfurizing agent is more preferably one or more of sulphur, Na₂S and thiol.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in the sulfurization reaction, the reaction molar ratio of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step B to the sulfurizing agent, depending on the number of the sulfur ring group(s) to be generated, is preferably 1:1-6, more preferably 1:2-4. The sulfurization reaction conditions can be those sulfurization conditions well known in the art, for example the reaction temperature is 100° C.-240° C., preferably 140° C.-190° C. Usually, the longer the reaction time is, the higher the conversion is, and under the overall consideration of the reaction conversion and the reaction economy, the reaction time is generally 0.5-10 hours, preferably 3-5 hours.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in the sulfurization reaction, a catalyst is optionally but preferably added. The catalyst useful for the sulfurization reaction well known in the art can be used as the catalyst, and the catalyst is preferably selected from C₁-C₆ organic amine and an inorganic base, for example can be selected from one or more of methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, dipropyl amine, tripropyl amine, butylamine, amylamine, hexylamine, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, zinc oxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and zinc carbonate. The mass of the catalyst is not particularly limited, and usually is 0.01%-10%, preferably 0.1%-5% by mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step B.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, after the completion of the sulfurization reaction, the reaction product may be subjected to a purification treatment by using the method well known in the art, the method of the purification treatment comprises one or more of water washing, distillation, filtration, drying, and recrystallization methods, without particular limitation. After an organic amine and/or inorganic base catalyst is added to the sulfurization reaction, the refining treatment method may comprise one or more of acid washing, water washing, distillating, filtering, drying and recrystallization method.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the hydrogenation reaction step is an optional step, namely the hydrogenation reaction will be performed, or alternatively the hydrogenation reaction will not be performed. In the case that the hydrogenation reaction is performed, the carbon-carbon double bond in a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a product obtained from step B of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is hydrogenated, which can be a partial hydrogenation, or alternatively a full hydrogenation.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in case that the hydrogenation reaction step is not performed, the preparation process of the present invention may only comprise step B, namely, the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′).

According to the preparation process of the present invention, as the technological conditions of the optional hydrogenation reaction step, the hydrogenation reaction conditions well known in the art can be used, and preferably hydrogen pressure: 1.0-6.0 MPa (preferably 3.0-4.0 MPa), temperature: 60° C.-260° C. (preferably 180° C.-220° C.), and time: 0.5-10 hours (preferably 3-5 hours). Preferably, a hydrogenation catalyst is added during the hydrogenation reaction. The hydrogenation catalyst can be a hydrogenation catalyst well known in the art without particular limitation. The hydrogenation catalyst is preferably a transition metal or a catalyst of transition metal-loaded support, and for example can be selected from palladium carbon catalyst, and Raney's nickel. The addition amount of the hydrogenation catalyst is preferably 0.1%-10%, more preferably 0.5%-5% by the mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step B.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, the conditions of reacting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A obtained from subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidation reaction or the sulfurization reaction or the optional hydrogenation reaction (hereinafter sometimes also referred to as the product of step A) with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) comprise: the molar ratio of the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) to the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A is 1:1-10 (preferably 1:1-5); the reaction temperature is 50° C.-150° C. (preferably 60° C.-100° C.). In general, the longer the reaction time is, the higher the conversion is, usually the reaction time is 0.5 h-10 h (preferably 3 h-5 h).

According to the preparation process of the present invention, in the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′), a catalyst is optionally but preferably added. The catalyst is preferably C₁-C₁₀ organic amine and inorganic ammonium, for example can be one or more selected from methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine and ammonia. The addition amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.1%-60%, more preferably 10%-40% by the mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A.

In the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A and phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′), a solvent is optionally but preferably added.

Said solvent is preferably one or more of toluene, xylene, petroleum ether and cyclohexane, for example can be selected from toluene and/or xylene. The used amount of said solvent is 50%-500% (preferably 100%-300%) by the mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A. After the completion of the reaction, the purification can be performed with the method well known in the art, the catalyst and the solvent can be removed by one or more of the methods comprising acid washing, water washing, distillating, filtering, drying and recrystallization without particular limitation.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, preferably, the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is selected from a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent. Either step A of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is first performed, and step B of subjecting the product of step A and a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent to the thiophosphorylation reaction and/or the phosphorus-nitridation reaction is then performed, or step B of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) and a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent to the thiophosphorylation reaction and/or the phosphorus-nitridation reaction is first performed, step A of subjecting the product of step B to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is then performed.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, preferably, as the conditions of reacting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A obtained from subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidation reaction or the sulfurization reaction or the optional hydrogenation reaction (hereinafter sometimes also referred to as the product of step A) with the thiophosphorylating agent, the conditions of the phosphorylation reaction well known in the art can be used, for example, the reaction conditions can comprise: the molar ratio of the thiophosphorylating agent to the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A is 1:1-10 (preferably 1:1-5); the reaction temperature is 50° C.-150° C. (preferably 60° C.-100° C.); in general, the longer the reaction time is, the higher the conversion is, usually the reaction time is 0.5 h-10 h (preferably 3 h-5 h).

In the thiophosphorylation reaction, a catalyst is optionally but preferably added. The catalyst is preferably C₁-C₁₀ organic amine and inorganic ammonium, for example can be one or more selected from methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropyl amine, tripropyl amine, butylamine, dibutylamine and ammonia. The addition amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.1%-60%, more preferably 10%-40% by the mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A.

In the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A and the thiophosphorylating agent, a solvent is optionally but preferably added. Said solvent is preferably one or more of toluene, xylene, petroleum ether and cyclohexane, for example can be selected from toluene and/or xylene. The used amount of said solvent is 50%-500% (preferably 100%-300%) by the mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A. The catalyst and the solvent can be removed by one or more of the methods comprising acid washing, water washing, distillating, filtering, drying and recrystallization without particular limitation.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, after the completion of the thiophosphorylation reaction, the reaction product may be subjected to a purification treatment by using the method well known in the art, the method of the purification treatment comprises one or more of water washing, distillating, filtering, drying and recrystallization method without particular limitation.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, preferably, as the conditions of the phosphorus-nitridation reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A obtained from subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidation reaction or the sulfurization reaction or the optional hydrogenation reaction (hereinafter sometimes also referred to as the product of step A) and the phosphorus-nitridizing agent, the conditions of the phosphorylation reaction well known in the art can be used, for example, the reaction conditions may comprise: the molar ratio of the phosphorus-nitridizing agent to the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a sulfurization product thereof is 1:1-10 (preferably 1:1-3); the reaction temperature is 50° C.-150° C. (preferably 60° C.-100° C.); in general, the longer the reaction time is, the higher the conversion is, usually the reaction time is 0.5 h-10 h (preferably 3 h-5 h).

In the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A and the phosphorus-nitridizing agent, a catalyst is optionally but preferably added. The catalyst is preferably C₁-C₁₀ organic amine and inorganic ammonium, for example can be one or more selected from methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropyl amine, tripropyl amine, butylamine, dibutylamine and ammonia. The addition amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.1%-60%, more preferably 10%-40% by the mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A.

In the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A and the phosphorus-nitridizing agent, a solvent is optionally but preferably added. Said solvent is preferably one or more of toluene, xylene, petroleum ether and cyclohexane, for example can be selected from toluene and/or xylene. The used amount of said solvent is 50%-500% (preferably 100%-300%) by the mass of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A. The catalyst and the solvent can be removed by one or more of the methods comprising acid washing, water washing, distillating, filtering, drying and recrystallization without particular limitation.

According to the preparation process of the present invention, after the completion of the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A and the phosphorus-nitridizing agent, the reaction product may be subjected to a purification treatment by using the method well known in the art, the method of the purification treatment comprises one or more of water washing, distillating, filtering, drying and recrystallization method without particular limitation.

In an embodiment of the present invention, process for preparing the phosphonate ester compound, comprising step A of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction, step B of reacting with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′);

In the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₂″, R₃″, R₄″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is selected from a group represented by the general formula (Y);

Wherein group R₁′″ is selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′″ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is a positive integer (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

Groups G′ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from O, S, NR₀′ or the absence (the absence of group G′ refers to P corresponding to said group is a tervalent P atom), wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups G″ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, O, S, NR₀′, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl (preferably phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl);

Groups R in the general formula (X′) are each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₆-C₂₀ arylene (preferably single bond, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkylene, phenylene, C₆-C₁₀ arylene);

Groups G′″ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from —OA, -SA, —N(R₀′)₂ and R₀′, wherein groups R₀′ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl), wherein groups A are selected from F, Cl, Br, I, OH (preferably Cl, Br);

In the general formula (X′), n₀ is an integral number of 0-10, preferably an integral number of 0-5, more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

According to the present invention, in the process for preparing the organophosphorus compound, the reaction product can be either an organophosphorus compound of single structure or a mixture of organophosphorus compounds containing a plurality of structures. These reaction products are all contemplated by the present invention, and the diversity in their occurrence forms does not affect the achievement of the effects of the present invention. Therefore, these reaction products are collectively referred to as the organophosphorus compound of the present invention without distinction in the context of the present specification. Especially, with respect to the cardanol, in the carbon chain as R of the cardanol being of 15 carbon atoms, the olefinic bond(s) may appear at 8-position, 11-position and 14-position respectively, and the proportions of saturated and unsaturated cardanols in the cardanol are respectively: about 41% of the cardanol having three olefinic bonds, about 22% of the cardanol having two olefinic bonds, about 34% of the cardanol having one olefinic bond, and the balance of the saturated cardanol. In view of this, according to the present invention, there is no absolute necessity to further purify the reaction products or to further separate an organophosphorus compound having a specific structure from these reaction products. Of course, sometimes such purification or separation is preferable for further improvement of the intended effect of the present invention, but is not essential to the present invention. Nevertheless, as the purification or separation method, for example, the purification or separation of the reaction product by a method such as washing, filtering, distillating, recrystallization, column chromatography, and preparative chromatography can be enumerated.

According to the present invention, in the process for producing the organophosphorus compound, after said reaction step is completed, volatile substances such as solvents which may be present are removed from the reaction mixture obtained in the step by a known conventional separation method (such as evaporation), and then the reaction product from said step can be obtained.

Hereinafter, a preferred organic phosphorus compound according to the present invention and a preparation process thereof will be described. It should be pointed out that the preferred organophosphorus compound and the preparation process thereof are only the specifically enumerated embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention.

First Embodiment

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-1):

In the general formula (I-1), group R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-II), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-II);

In the general formula (II-II), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₄′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3).

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-1), groups R₁ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂ and R₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the formula (II-II), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (II-II); groups R₃ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-1), groups R₁ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; at least one group of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-II), groups R₃ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-1), groups R₁ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; at least one group in groups R₂ is a group represented by the formula (II-II), at least one group in groups R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-II), groups R₃ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-1), groups R₁ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; one group of groups R₂ and R₄ attached to the same benzene ring is a group represented by the formula (II-II), the other one is H; groups R₃ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the organophosphorus compound represented by the formula (I-1) of the present invention can be prepared by the following preparation process, the preparation process comprises a step of subjecting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidation reaction, and a step of subjecting to the thiophosphorylation reaction together with a thiophosphorylating agent represented by the formula (Z). The order for these two reaction steps is not limited.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), preferably, groups R₁″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₃″ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is selected from a group represented by the general formula (Y).

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), further preferably, groups R₁″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₃″ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is hydrogen.

Second Embodiment

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-2):

In the general formula (I-2), group R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-III), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-III);

In the general formula (II-III), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₇′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is an integral number of 1-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-3); the numbers m in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); the numbers m′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, m sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₅′.

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-2), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂ and R₄ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the general formula (II-III), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (II-III).

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-2), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; at least one of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the general formula (II-III).

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, further preferably, in the general formula (I-2), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; one group of groups R₂ and R₄ attached to the same benzene ring is selected from a group represented by the general formula (II-III), the other group is selected from hydrogen.

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, the organophosphorus compound represented by the formula (I-2) of the present invention can be prepared by the following preparation process, wherein the preparation process comprises a step of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the sulfurization reaction, and a step of subjecting to the thiophosphorylation reaction together with a thiophosphorylating agent represented by the formula (Z). The order for these two reaction steps is not limited.

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (Y).

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, further preferably, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is hydrogen.

Third Embodiment

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-3):

In the general formula (I-3), group R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-I), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-I);

In the general formula (II-I), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is an integral number (preferably an integral number of 0-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3).

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-3), groups R₁ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂ and R₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the formula (II-I), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (II-I); groups R₃ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-3), groups R₁ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; at least one group of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-I); groups R₃ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-3), groups R₁ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; at least one group of groups R₂ is a group represented by the formula (II-I), at least one group of groups R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-I), groups R₃ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-3), groups R₁ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; one group of groups R₂ and R₄ attached to the same benzene ring is a group represented by the formula (II-I), the other group is H; groups R₃ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, preferably, an organophosphorus compound represented by the formula (I-3) of the present invention can be prepared by the following preparation process, wherein the preparation process comprises a step of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a thiophosphorylating agent represented by the formula (Z) and an optional step of hydrogenation reaction. The order for these two reaction steps is not limited.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), preferably, groups R₁″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; group R₃″ is each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and the group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is selected from a group represented by the general formula (Y).

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), further preferably, groups R₁″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; group R₃″ is each independently selected from H and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl; one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is hydrogen.

Fourth Embodiment

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-4):

In the general formula (I-4), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear chain, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl or branched alkyl and a group represented by the formula (II-II), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-11);

In the general formula (II-II), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₄′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, preferably a positive integral number of 1-3).

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-4), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂ and R₄ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the formula (II-II), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the formula (II-II).

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-4), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; at least one of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the general formula (II-II).

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-4), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; one group of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-II), the other group is H.

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I), the group as represented by the formula (II-II) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18.

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound represented by the formula (I-4) can be prepared by the following preparation process, wherein the preparation process comprises step of subjecting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidation reaction, and step of subjecting to the reaction with a phosphorus-nitridizing agent represented by the formula (Z′). The order for these two reaction steps is not limited.

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and the group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is the group represented by the general formula (Y).

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, further preferably, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is hydrogen.

Fifth Embodiment

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-5):

In the general formula (I-5), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-III), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-III);

In the general formula (II-III), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₇′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is an integral number of 1-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-3); the numbers m in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-5); the numbers m′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, m sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₅′.

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-5), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂ and R₄, identical to or different from each other, are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the formula (II-III), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the formula (II-III).

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-5), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; at least one of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the general formula (II-III).

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-5), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; one group of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-III), the other group is H.

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-5), the group shown in the formula (II-III) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18.

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound represented by the formula (I-5) can be prepared by the following process for preparing an organophosphorus compound, wherein the preparation process comprises a step of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the sulfurization reaction, and a step of subjecting to the reaction with a phosphorus-nitridizing agent represented by the formula (Z′). The order for these two reaction steps is not limited.

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and the group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is the group represented by the general formula (Y).

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, further preferably, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is hydrogen.

The Sixth Embodiment

According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-6):

In the general formula (I-6), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); each groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-I), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-I);

In the general formula (II-I), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is an integral number (preferably an integral number of 0-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3). According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-6), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂ and R₄ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the formula (II-I), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the formula (II-I).

According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-6), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; at least one of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the general formula (II-I).

According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I-6), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl; one group of groups R₂ and R₄ is a group represented by the formula (II-I), the other group is H.

According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the general formula (I), the group represented by the formula (II-I) has a total carbon number of 2-30, preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18.

According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the organophosphorus compound represented by the formula (I-6) can be prepared by the following process for preparing an organophosphorus compound, wherein the preparation process comprises a step of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorus-nitridizing agent represented by the formula (Z′) and an optional step of hydrogenation reaction. The order for these two reaction steps is not limited.

According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and the group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is the group represented by the general formula (Y).

According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, further preferably, in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is hydrogen.

[Lubricating Oil/Lubricating Grease]

The organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be used as extreme pressure antiwear additive. The organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be used in lubricating oil and lubricating grease. The lubricating oil of the present invention comprises a base oil and the above-mentioned organophosphorus compound of the present invention. * The lubricating grease of the present invention comprises a base oil and the above-mentioned organophosphorus compound of the present invention.

In the present invention, the base oil of the lubricating oil is not particularly limited, and mineral oil, synthetic oil, or a mixture of mineral oil and synthetic oil can be used. The viscosity index of the base oil is preferably 122 or more, more preferably 123 or more, and further preferably 125 or more.

As the mineral oil, the following can be enumerated: paraffin-based mineral oils, intermediate-based mineral oils, and naphthene-based mineral oils obtained by a conventional refining process such as solvent refining or hydrogenation refining; wax (gas-to-liquid wax) produced by the F-T process or the like, wax-isomerized oil produced by isomerizing wax such as mineral oil-based wax; and the like.

As the synthetic oil, the following can be enumerated: hydrocarbon-based synthetic oils, ether-based synthetic oils and the like. As the hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil, the following can be enumerated: alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene and the like. As the ether-based synthetic oil, the following can be enumerated: polyoxyalkyleneglycol, polyphenylether and the like.

Among them, from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and low-temperature startability of the engine, preferred is at least one selected from mineral oils and synthetic oils in Groups 3-5 of API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories.

The base oil (A) may be a single system using one of the above-mentioned mineral oils and synthetic oils, or may be a mixed system such as a base oil obtained by mixing two or more mineral oils, a base oil obtained by mixing two or more synthetic oils, and a base oil obtained by mixing each one or two or more of mineral oils and synthetic oils.

In the present invention, the base oil of the lubricating grease is not particularly limited, and mineral oil-based or synthetic oil-based base oils usually for producing the lubricating grease can be enumerated. They may be used alone or in mixture.

As the mineral oil-base oil, the base oil can be obtained by refining through the appropriate combination of vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, sulfuric acid washing, clay refining, hydrogenation refining and the like. Furthermore, as the synthetic oil-based base oil, poly-alpha-olefin (PAO)-based base oil, other hydrocarbon-based base oil, ester-based base oil, alkyldiphenylether-based base oil, polyalkylene glycol-based base oil (PAG), alkylbenzene-based base oil and the like can be enumerated.

[Use]

The organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be used as extreme pressure antiwear additive. The organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be used as the extreme pressure antiwear additive of the lubricating oil/lubricating grease.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained through examples. However, the examples are merely to further illustrate one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these examples.

The raw materials used in the examples are all conventional commercially available products, some of which are listed as follows:

Cardanol, Shanghai Wujing Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., industrial product

Concentrated sulphuric acid, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Hydrogen peroxide (30%), Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Formic acid, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Sodium bicarbonate, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Phenylthiophosphonic dichloride, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Palladium carbon catalyst (metal palladium loaded on active carbon), Shaanxi Ruike New Material Co., Ltd., palladium content=5%.

Bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Dibutyl phosphite, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., chemically pure

N,N-dibutenylmethylenebenzotriazole, Bailingwei Reagent Company, chemically pure

Triethylamine, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Toluene, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Petroleum ether, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Sulphur powder, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytically pure

Extreme pressure antiwear additive T306 (tricresyl phosphate), Xingpu Company, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, industrial product

Extreme pressure antiwear additive T307 (thiophosphoric acid ammonium salt), Xingpu Company, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, industrial product

Extreme pressure antiwear additive IRGALUBE 353 (thiophosphate ester), Afton Chemical Corporation, industrial product

Extreme pressure antiwear additive IRGALUBE 349 (phosphoric acid ammonium salt), Afton Chemical Corporation, industrial product

The purity of the product was analyzed by gas chromatography, and the analysis conditions: the temperature of the vaporization chamber was 320° C., the column temperature was 280° C., and the programmed temperature rise was 10° C./min.

Example 1-1 Preparation of Epoxidized Cardanol

100 g cardanol, 8 g formic acid, 0.3 g sulfuric acid, 200 g hydrogen peroxide were added to a three-necked flask equipped with mechanical stirring, reflux condenser and temperature controller, stirred, and heated. The reaction temperature was maintained at 70° C. and the reaction was performed for 3 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was filtered and caustic-washed with 5% KOH solution, and then washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and unreacted raw materials to produce 91.4 g orange red transparent liquid. The product conversion rate was 96.2%, and the purity of the epoxidized cardanol with the gas chromatography analysis was greater than 98%.

Example 1-2 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Diepoxidized Cardanol Ester

22 g epoxidized cardanol obtained from Example 1-1, 4 g triethylamine and 20 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 7.5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 70° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 27.6 g brown yellow transparent liquid. The reaction conversion rate was 93.6%.

Example 1-3 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Diepoxidized Cardanol Ester

22 g epoxidized cardanol obtained from Example 1-1, 8 g triethylamine and 50 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 90° C., and the reaction was performed for 4 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 25.6 g brown yellow transparent liquid. The reaction conversion rate was 95.1%. The prepared product was subjected to the infrared spectrum analysis. The spectrum was shown in FIG. 1, and the analysis result was shown in Table 1-1.

TABLE 1 Infrared analysis result of the product of Example 1-3 characteristic absorption peak/cm⁻¹ absorption peak attribution 2925.96, 2853.99 Stretching vibration of C—H in CH3 and CH2 1608.96, 1585.56, 1485.22 Stretching vibration of benzene ring skeleton 1206.92 Stretching vibration of C—O—P 1142.23 Stretching vibration of O—C 959.7 Stretching vibration of O—P 845.59 Stretching vibration of O—C—O 753.38, 693.44 Stretching vibration of P=S

Example 1-4 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Diepoxidized Cardanol Ester

22 g epoxidized cardanol obtained from Example 1-1, 8 g triethylamine and 60 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 3.5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 24.2 g brown yellow transparent liquid. The reaction conversion rate was 94.8%.

Comparative Example 1-1

Under the nitrogen gas protection, 70.8 g bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid and 7.08 g paratoluenesulfonic acid were poured into a flask. The flask was placed in a thermostated water bath (temperature controlled at 100° C.), and the stirring was initiated. A total amount of 31.2 g of itaconic acid methyl ester was added dropwise in 1.5 hours. Under the nitrogen gas protection, the reaction was performed for 8 hours with the continuous stirring. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction was extracted with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution and petroleum ether. The oil phase was dried, filtered and finally distilled under reduced pressure to produce diisooctyl dithiophosphoric acid-2-methyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester.

Example 1-5

The products of Examples 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4, T306, T307, IRGALUBE 353, IRGALUBE 349 and the product of Comparative Example 1-1 were dissolved in the mineral oil 150SN respectively to formulate the compositions having a mass fraction of 0.5%. These compositions were subjected to the antiwear performance test. The testing device was an SRV vibration and friction testing machine. The test conditions were: 100N, 200N, 300N, frequency 50 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, 30° C., 1 h. The test results were shown in Table 1-2.

TABLE 1-2 Antiwear additive Ex. Ex. Ex. IRGALUBE IRGALUBE Comp. in the composition 1-2 1-3 1-4 T306 T307 353 349 Ex. 1-1 100 N 0.128 0.129 0.127 0.129 0.136 0.128 0.139 0.132 Friction 0.39 0.40 0.38 0.41 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.42 coefficient f D, mm 200 N 0.111 0.108 0.110 0.113 0.117 0.109 0.124 0.115 Friction 0.45 0.46 0.43 0.52 0.45 0.51 0.49 0.51 coefficient f D, mm 300 N 0.103 0.106 0.108 0.109 0.108 0.105 0.121 0.108 Friction 0.51 0.50 0.52 0.56 0.52 0.58 0.52 0.53 coefficient f D, mm extreme 1700 1850 1900 900 900 1800 1300 1400 pressure/N

It can be seen from Table 1-2 that the sulfurized thiophosphonate ester of the present invention had outstanding antiwear, anti-friction and extreme pressure properties compared with the extreme pressure antiwear additives having no structure of the present invention.

Example 2-1 Preparation of Sulfurized Cardanol

62 g cardanol (about 0.2 mol) and 12.8 g sulphur powder (0.4 mol) were put in a 250 ml three-necked reaction flask, stirred, and heated. The reaction temperature was maintained at 190° C. and the reaction was performed for 3 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced followed by the filtration to produce 66.8 g dark red brown thick liquid, namely the sulfurized cardanol. The product conversion rate was 89.3%.

Example 2-2 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Dicardanol Ester

20 g cardanol, 4 g triethylamine and 20 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 7.5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 70° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 26.1 g brown yellow transparent liquid. The reaction conversion rate was 94.8%.

Example 2-3 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Disulfurized Cardanol Ester

25 g sulfurized cardanol obtained from Example 2-1, 8 g triethylamine and 50 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 90° C., and the reaction was performed for 4 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 28.5 g brown yellow transparent liquid. The reaction conversion rate was 95.1%. The prepared product was subjected to the infrared spectrum analysis. The spectrum was shown in FIG. 2, and the analysis result was shown in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2 Infrared analysis result of the product of Example 2-3 characteristic absorption peak/cm⁻¹ absorption peak attribution 3060.19 stretching vibration of =C—H on the benzene ring 2924.96, 2833.36 Stretching vibration of C—H in CH3 and CH2 1608.34, 1583.92, 1484.92 Stretching vibration of benzene ring skeleton 1232.53 Stretching vibration of C—O—P 1141.17 Stretching vibration of O—C 961.78 Stretching vibration of O—P 752.63 Stretching vibration of P=S 721.23 In-plane swing of four or more successive-CH₂-groups 691.48 Stretching vibration of S—C

Example 2-4 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Disulfurized Cardanol Ester

25 g sulfurized cardanol obtained from Example 2-1, 8 g triethylamine and 60 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 3.5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 26.8 g brown yellow transparent liquid. The reaction conversion rate was 93.9%.

Example 2-5 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Disulfurized Cardanol Ester

65 g phenylthiophosphonic acid dicardanol ester obtained from Example 2-2 and 8.5 g sulphur powder were put in a 250 ml three-necked reaction flask, stirred, and heated. The reaction temperature was maintained at 190° C. and the reaction was performed for 3 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced followed by the filtration to produce 66.6 g red brown thick liquid, namely phenylthiophosphonic acid disulfurized cardanol ester. The product conversion rate was 90.6%.

Comparative Example 2-1

Under the nitrogen gas protection, 70.8 g bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid and 7.08 g paratoluenesulfonic acid were poured into a flask. The flask was placed in a thermostated water bath (temperature controlled at 100° C.), and the stirring was initiated. A total amount of 31.2 g of itaconic acid methyl ester was added dropwise in 1.5 hours. Under the nitrogen gas protection, the reaction was performed for 8 hours with the continuous stirring. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction was extracted with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution and petroleum ether. the oil phase was dried, filtered and finally distilled under reduced pressure to produce diisooctyl dithiophosphoric acid-2-methyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester.

Example 2-6

The products of Examples 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5, T306, T307, IRGALUBE 353, IRGALUBE 349 and the product of Comparative Example 2-1 were dissolved in the mineral oil 150SN respectively to formulate the compositions having a mass fraction of 0.5%. These compositions were subjected to the antiwear performance test. The testing device was an SRV vibration and friction testing machine. The test conditions were: 100N, 200N, 300N, frequency 50 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, 30° C., 1 h. The test results were shown in Table 2-2.

TABLE 2-2 Antiwear additive Ex. Ex. Ex. IRGALUBE IRGALUBE Comp. in the composition 2-2 2-3 2-4 T306 T307 353 349 Ex. 2-1 100 N 0.119 0.122 0.119 0.129 0.136 0.128 0.139 0.132 Friction 0.40 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.42 coefficient f D, mm 200 N 0.106 0.105 0.109 0.113 0.117 0.109 0.124 0.115 Friction 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.52 0.45 0.51 0.49 0.51 coefficient f D, mm 300 N 0.102 0.103 0.102 0.109 0.108 0.105 0.121 0.108 Friction 0.51 0.52 0.50 0.56 0.52 0.58 0.52 0.53 coefficient f D, mm extreme 2100 1900 2000 900 900 1800 1300 1400 pressure/N

It can be seen from Table 2-2 that the sulfurized thiophosphonate ester of the present invention had outstanding antiwear, anti-friction and extreme pressure properties compared with the extreme pressure antiwear additives having no structure of the present invention.

Example 3-1 Preparation of Meta Pentadecyl Phenol

100 g cardanol and 1.5 g palladium carbon catalyst were placed in a 200 ml high-pressure reactor, the reactor was closed, and hydrogen gas was introduced to 3.5 MPa. The stirring and heating was initiated, and the reaction was performed at a temperature of 200° C. for 4.5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to 60° C., and the viscous reaction mixture was taken out, and distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 160° C. for 1 h. After cooling, a milky white solid was obtained. It was dissolved in petroleum ether, and then purified by crystallization to produce 84.7 g meta pentadecyl phenol with a purity of greater than 98%, and the reaction conversion rate was 83.6%. The purity of the product was obtained by gas chromatographic analysis.

Example 3-2 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Dicardanol Ester

20 g cardanol, 4 g triethylamine and 20 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 7.5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 70° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality.

The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 26.6 g brown yellow transparent liquid, the conversion rate was 96.6%.

Example 3-3 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Di(3-Pentadecyl)Phenol Ester

20 g meta pentadecyl phenol obtained from Example 3-1, 8 g triethylamine and 50 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 90° C., and the reaction was performed for 4 hours. The temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was water-washed to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 23.9 g brown yellow transparent liquid, the conversion rate was 95.8%. The prepared product was subjected to the infrared spectrum analysis. The spectrum was shown in FIG. 3, and the analysis result was shown in Table 3-1.

TABLE 3 Infrared analysis result of the product of Example 3-3 characteristic absorption peak/cm⁻¹ absorption peak attribution 3060.19 stretching vibration of =C—H on the benzene ring 2925.1, 2833.19 Stretching vibration of C—H in CH3 and CH2 1607.38, 1581.23, 1481.61 Stretching vibration of benzene ring skeleton 1233.46 Stretching vibration of C—O—P 1141.53 Stretching vibration of O—C 961.78 Stretching vibration of O—P 753.04, 692.3 Stretching vibration of P=S 721.23 In-plane swing of four or more successive-CH₂-groups

Example 3-4 Preparation of Phenylthiophosphonic Acid Di(3-Pentadecyl)Phenol Ester

20 g meta pentadecyl phenol obtained from Example 3-1, 8 g triethylamine and 60 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 3.5 g phenylthiophosphonic dichloride was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 22 g brown yellow transparent liquid. The reaction conversion rate was 97.8%.

Comparative Example 3-1

Under the nitrogen gas protection, 70.8 g bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid and 7.08 g paratoluenesulfonic acid were poured into a flask. The flask was placed in a thermostated water bath (temperature controlled at 100° C.), and the stirring was initiated. A total amount of 31.2 g of itaconic acid methyl ester was added dropwise in 1.5 hours. Under the nitrogen gas protection, the reaction was performed for 8 hours with the continuous stirring. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction was extracted with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution and petroleum ether. the oil phase was dried, filtered and finally distillated under reduced pressure to produce diisooctyl dithiophosphoric acid-2-methyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester.

Example 3-5

The products of Examples 3-2, 3-3 and 3-4, T306, T307, IRGALUBE 353, IRGALUBE 349 and the product of Comparative Example 3-1 were dissolved in the mineral oil 150SN respectively to formulate the compositions having a mass fraction of 0.5%. These compositions were subjected to the antiwear performance test. The testing device was an SRV vibration and friction testing machine. The test conditions were: 100N, 200N, 300N, frequency 50 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, 30° C., 1 h. The test results were shown in Table 3-2.

TABLE 3-2 Antiwear additive Ex. Ex. Ex. IRGALUBE IRGALUBE Comp. in the composition 3-2 3-3 3-4 T306 T307 353 349 Ex. 3-1 100 N 0.126 0.132 0.129 0.129 0.136 0.128 0.139 0.132 Friction 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.41 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.42 coefficient f D, mm 200 N 0.109 0.108 0.108 0.113 0.117 0.109 0.124 0.115 Friction 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.52 0.45 0.51 0.49 0.51 coefficient f D, mm 300 N 0.104 0.105 0.105 0.109 0.108 0.105 0.121 0.108 Friction 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.58 0.52 0.53 coefficient f D, mm extreme 1900 1600 1800 900 900 1800 1300 1400 pressure/N

It can be seen from Table 3-2 that the thiophosphonate ester of the present invention had outstanding antiwear, anti-friction and extreme pressure properties compared with the extreme pressure antiwear additives having no structure of the present invention.

Example 4-1 Preparation of Epoxidized Cardanol

100 g cardanol, 8 g formic acid, 0.3 g sulfuric acid, 200 g hydrogen peroxide were added to a three-necked flask equipped with mechanical stirring, reflux condenser and temperature controller, stirred, and heated. The reaction temperature was maintained at 70° C. and the reaction was performed for 3 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was filtered and caustic-washed with 5% KOH solution, and then washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and unreacted raw materials to produce 91.4 g orange red transparent liquid. The product conversion rate was 96.2%, and the purity of the epoxidized cardanol with the gas chromatography analysis was greater than 98%.

Example 4-2 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid Epoxidized Cardanol Ester

22 g epoxidized cardanol obtained from Example 4-1, 4 g triethylamine and 20 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 12 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 70° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 31.5 g brown yellow product, the reaction conversion rate was 92.5%.

Example 4-3 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid Epoxidized Cardanol Ester

22 g epoxidized cardanol obtained from Example 4-1, 8 g triethylamine and 50 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 5.5 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 90° C., and the reaction was performed for 4 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 26.2 g brown yellow product, the reaction conversion rate was 95.3%.

Example 4-4 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid Epoxidized Cardanol Ester

22 g epoxidized cardanol obtained from Example 4-1, 8 g triethylamine and 60 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 4 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 22.4 g brown yellow product, the reaction conversion rate was 93.5%.

Comparative Example 4-1

19.4 g dibutyl phosphite and 25.6 g N,N-dibutenylmethylenebenzotriazole were poured into a flask. The flask was placed in a thermostated water bath (temperature controlled at 80° C.), and the stirring was initiated. 1.35 g hydrochloric acid solution containing 0.5 gHCl was added dropwise. The reaction was warmed up to 120° C. The reaction was performed under the continuous stirring for 2 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to produce (N-butyl-N-butenyl)methylenebenzotriazole dibutyl phosphite.

Example 4-5

The products of Examples 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4, T306, T307, IRGALUBE 349, and the product of Comparative Example 4-1 were dissolved in the mineral oil 150SN respectively to formulate the compositions having a mass fraction of 0.5%. These compositions were subjected to the antiwear performance test. The testing device was an SRV vibration and friction testing machine. The test conditions were: 100N, 200N, 300N, frequency 50 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, 30° C., 1 h. The test results were shown in Table 4-1.

TABLE 4-1 Antiwear additive Ex. Ex. Ex. IRGALUBE Comp. in the composition 4-2 4-3 4-4 T306 T307 349 Ex. 4-1 100 N 0.127 0.128 0.128 0.129 0.136 0.139 0.138 Friction 0.39 0.40 0.38 0.41 0.38 0.41 0.43 coefficient f D, mm 200 N 0.113 0.112 0.112 0.113 0.117 0.124 0.126 Friction 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.52 0.45 0.49 0.51 coefficient f D, mm 300 N 0.109 0.110 0.109 0.109 0.108 0.121 0.119 Friction 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.52 0.53 coefficient f D, mm extreme 1500 1550 1500 900 900 1300 1000 pressure/N

It can be seen from Table 4-1 that the organophosphorus compound of the present invention had outstanding antiwear, anti-friction and extreme pressure properties compared with the extreme pressure antiwear additives having no structure of the present invention.

Example 5-1 Preparation of Sulfurized Cardanol

62 g cardanol (about 0.2 mol) and 12.8 g sulphur powder (0.4 mol) were put in a 250 ml three-necked reaction flask, stirred, and heated. The reaction temperature was maintained at 190° C. and the reaction was performed for 3 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced followed by the filtration to produce 66.8 g dark red brown thick liquid, namely the sulfurized cardanol. The product conversion rate was 89.3%.

Example 5-2 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid Cardanol Ester

20 g cardanol, 4 g triethylamine and 20 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 12 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 70° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was water-washed to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 29.2 g red brown thick liquid, and the reaction conversion rate was 91.2%.

Example 5-3 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid Sulfurized Cardanol Ester

25 g sulfurized cardanol obtained from Example 5-1, 8 g triethylamine and 50 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 5.5 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 90° C., and the reaction was performed for 4 hours. The temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was water washed to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 28.4 g dark red brown product, and the conversion rate was 93.1%.

Example 5-4 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid Sulfurized Cardanol Ester

25 g sulfurized cardanol obtained from Example 5-1, 8 g triethylamine and 60 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 4 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. The temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was water washed to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 27.4 g dark red brown product, and the conversion rate was 92.9%.

Example 5-5 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid Sulfurized Cardanol Ester

35 g bis(dimethylamino)phosphoric acid cardanol ester obtained from Example 5-2 and 8.5 g sulphur powder were put in a 250 ml three-necked reaction flask, stirred, and heated. The reaction temperature was maintained at 190° C. and the reaction was performed for 3 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced. The reaction mixture was filtered to produce 31.2 g dark red brown product, the conversion rate was 90.1%.

Comparative Example 5-1

19.4 g dibutyl phosphite and 25.6 g N,N-dibutenylmethylenebenzotriazole were poured into a flask. The flask was placed in a thermostated water bath (temperature controlled at 80° C.), and the stirring was initiated. 1.35 g hydrochloric acid solution containing 0.5 gHCl was added dropwise. The reaction was warmed up to 120° C. The reaction was performed under the continuous stirring for 2 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to produce (N-butyl-N-butenyl)methylenebenzotriazole dibutyl phosphite.

Example 5-6

The products of Examples 5-3, 5-4 and 5-5, T306, T307, IRGALUBE 349, and the product of Comparative Example 5-1 were dissolved in the mineral oil 150SN respectively to formulate the compositions having a mass fraction of 0.5%. These compositions were subjected to the antiwear performance test. The testing device was an SRV vibration and friction testing machine. The test conditions were: 100N, 200N, 300N, frequency 50 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, 30° C., 1 h. The test results were shown in Table 5-1.

TABLE 5-1 Antiwear additive Ex. Ex. Ex. IRGALUBE Comp. in the composition 5-3 5-4 5-5 T306 T307 349 Ex. 5-1 100 N 0.125 0.125 0.126 0.129 0.136 0.139 0.138 Friction 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.38 0.41 0.43 coefficient f D, mm 200 N 0.113 0.112 0.113 0.113 0.117 0.124 0.126 Friction 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.52 0.45 0.49 0.51 coefficient f D, mm 300 N 0.108 0.108 0.107 0.109 0.108 0.121 0.119 Friction 0.50 0.52 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.52 0.53 coefficient f D, mm extreme 1800 1900 1800 900 900 1300 1000 pressure/N

It can be seen from Table 5-1 that the organophosphorus compound of the present invention had outstanding antiwear, anti-friction and extreme pressure properties compared with the extreme pressure antiwear additives having no structure of the present invention.

Example 6-1 Preparation of Meta Pentadecyl Phenol

100 g cardanol and 1.5 g palladium carbon catalyst were placed in a 200 ml high-pressure reactor, the reactor was closed, and hydrogen gas was introduced to 3.5 MPa. The stirring and heating was initiated, and the reaction was performed at a temperature of 200° C. for 4.5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to 60° C., and the viscous reaction mixture was taken out, and distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 160° C. for 1 h. After cooling, a milky white solid was obtained. It was dissolved in petroleum ether, and then purified by crystallization to produce 84.7 g meta pentadecyl phenol with a purity of greater than 98%, and the reaction conversion rate was 83.6%. The purity of the product was obtained by gas chromatographic analysis.

Example 6-2 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid Cardanol Ester

20 g cardanol, 4 g triethylamine and 20 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 12 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 70° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a redbrown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 29.2 g red brown thick liquid, the reaction conversion rate was 91.2%.

Example 6-3 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid (3-Pentadecyl)Phenol Ester

20 g meta pentadecyl phenol obtained from Example 6-1, 8 g triethylamine and 50 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 5.5 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 90° C., and the reaction was performed for 4 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 23.7 g brown yellow product, the reaction conversion rate was 92.8%. The prepared product was subjected to the infrared spectrum analysis. The spectrum was shown in FIG. 4, and the analysis result was shown in Table 6-1.

TABLE 4 Infrared analysis result of the product of Example 6-3 characteristic absorption peak/cm⁻¹ absorption peak attribution 2927.35, 2851.86 Stretching vibration of C—H in CH₃ and CH₂ 1590.71 Stretching vibration of benzene ring skeleton 1257.20 Stretching vibration of P=0 1150.35 Stretching vibration of O—C 1037.54 Stretching vibration of P—N 903.23, 861.44 P—Stretching vibration of O—C

Example 6-4 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid (3-Pentadecyl)Phenol Ester

20 g meta pentadecyl phenol obtained from Example 6-1, 8 g triethylamine and 60 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 4 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 22.1 g brown yellow product, the reaction conversion rate was 91.9%.

Example 6-5 Preparation of Bis(Dimethylamino)Phosphoric Acid (4-Dodecyl)Phenol Ester

20 g paradodecylbenzene phenol, 8 g triethylamine and 60 g toluene were added to a reaction flask, heated and stirred. 4 g bis(dimethylamino)chlorophosphoric acid was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80° C., and the reaction was performed for 5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature was reduced to produce a red brown transparent liquid. The reaction product was washed with distilled water to neutrality. The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 100 Pa and 150° C. for 1 h to remove water and solvent to produce 22.8 g brown yellow product, the reaction conversion rate was 94.8%.

Comparative Example 6-1

19.4 g dibutyl phosphite and 25.6 g N,N-dibutenylmethylenebenzotriazole were poured into a flask. The flask was placed in a thermostated water bath (temperature controlled at 80° C.), and the stirring was initiated. 1.35 g hydrochloric acid solution containing 0.5 gHCl was added dropwise. The reaction was warmed up to 120° C. The reaction was performed under the continuous stirring for 2 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to produce (N-butyl-N-butenyl)methylenebenzotriazole dibutyl phosphite.

Example 6-6

The products of Examples 6-2, 6-3, 6-4 and 6-5, T306, T307, IRGALUBE 349, and the product of Comparative Example 6-1 were dissolved in the mineral oil 150SN respectively to formulate the compositions having a mass fraction of 0.5%. These compositions were subjected to the antiwear performance test. The testing device was an SRV vibration and friction testing machine. The test conditions were: 100N, 200N, 300N, frequency 50 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, 30° C., 1 h. The test results were shown in Table 6-2.

TABLE 6-2 Antiwear additive Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. IRGALUBE Comp. in the composition 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 T306 T307 349 Ex. 6-1 100 N 0.126 0.127 0.128 0.129 0.129 0.136 0.139 0.138 Friction 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.38 0.41 0.43 coefficient f D, mm 200 N 0.113 0.113 0.114 0.115 0.113 0.117 0.124 0.126 Friction 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.52 0.45 0.49 0.51 coefficient f D, mm 300 N 0.106 0.107 0.106 0.108 0.109 0.108 0.121 0.119 Friction 0.49 0.50 0.49 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.52 0.53 coefficient f D, mm extreme 1500 1500 1500 1300 900 900 1300 1000 pressure/N

It can be seen from Table 6-2 that the aminophosphate ester of the present invention had outstanding antiwear, anti-friction and extreme pressure properties compared with the extreme pressure antiwear additives having no structure of the present invention.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the examples, it should be noted that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can appropriately modify the embodiments without departing from the technical spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is obvious that the modified embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The invention provides an organophosphorus compound with a specific structure, the organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be used as extreme pressure antiwear additive and shows excellent antiwear, antifriction and extreme pressure performances. Also, the organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be obtained from cardanol which is an agricultural by-product, and therefore, the organophosphorus compound of the present invention can be produced in an environmentally friendly and low-cost manner. 

1. An organophosphorus compound, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I):

In the general formula (I), groups G are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl, a group represented by the formula (II) and a group represented by the formula (III) (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl, a group represented by the formula (II) and a group represented by the formula (III)), wherein at least one G is a group represented by the formula (II);

In the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is selected from a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III);

In the general formula (II-I), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is an integral number (preferably an integral number of 0-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

In the general formula (II-II), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₄′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

In the general formula (II-III), group R₁′ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently 2 valent, 3 valent or 4 valent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently 2 valent, 3 valent or 4 valent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and 2 valent or 3 valent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond and 2 valent or 3 valent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and 2 valent or 3 valent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond and 2 valent or 3 valent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently 2 valent, 3 valent or 4 valent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently 2 valent, 3 valent or 4 valent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₇′ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is an integral number of 1-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-3); the numbers m in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); the numbers m′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms is bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, the end of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms, that is connected to group R₃′, is bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, the end of the linking group formed by m′ sulfur atoms, that is connected to group R₄′, is bonded to group R₅′; In the general formula (III), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); Groups G′ present in the general formula (I) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from O, S and NR₀′ or the absence (the absence of group G′ means that P is a tervalent P atom), wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); Groups G″ present in the general formula (I) and the general formula (II) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, O, S and NR₀′, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); In the general formula (I), groups R are independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene and C₆-C₂₀ arylene (preferably selected from single bond, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₆-C₁₀ arylene); n₀ in the general formula (I) is an integral number of 0-10, preferably an integral number of 0-5, more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3 or
 4. 2. The organophosphorus compound according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; preferably, in the general formula (II), groups R₁, R₃ and R₅ are each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.
 3. The organophosphorus compound according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in the general formula (II), groups R₂ and R₄ are each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III), wherein at least one group is selected from a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) and a group represented by the formula (II-III); preferably, one group is a group represented by the formula (II-I), a group represented by the formula (II-II) or a group represented by the formula (II-III), the other one is H.
 4. The organophosphorus compound according to any of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the total carbon number of the group represented by the formula (II-I) is 2-30 (preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18); the total carbon number of the group represented by the formula (II-II) is 2-30 (preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18); the total carbon number of the group represented by the formula (II-III) is 2-30 (preferably 6-20, more preferably 10-18).
 5. The organophosphorus compound according to any of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that the organophosphorus compound is selected from the following specific compounds or a mixture thereof in any proportion:


6. A process for preparing an organophosphorus compound, which comprises the following steps: Step A of subjecting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction; and step B of reacting the product obtained in step A with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′);

In the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₂″, R₃″, R₄″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (Y);

Wherein group R₁′″ is selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′″ is selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′″ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3);

Groups G′ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from O, S and NR₀′ or absence (the absence of group G′ means that P is a tervalent P atom), wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); Groups G″ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, O, S and NR₀′, wherein R₀′ is selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); Groups R in the general formula (X′) are independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene and C₆-C₂₀ arylene (preferably selected from single bond, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkylene, C₆-C₁₀ arylene); Groups G′″ present in the general formula (X′) are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from A, —N(R₀′)₂ and R_(Z); wherein group R_(Z) is each independently selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl), groups R₀′ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl), wherein groups A are each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I and OH (preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br), wherein at least one group G′″ is A; In the general formula (X′), n₀ is an integral number of 0-10, preferably an integral number of 0-5, more preferably 0, 1, 2, 3 or
 4. 7. The preparation process according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in the general formula (X), groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl; preferably, groups R₁″, R₃″ and R₅″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.
 8. The preparation process according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that in the general formula (X), groups R₂″ and R₄″ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl and a group represented by the general formula (Y), wherein at least one group is a group represented by the general formula (Y); preferably, one group of groups R₂″ and R₄″ is selected from a group represented by the general formula (Y), the other group is selected from hydrogen.
 9. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-8, which is characterized in that the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is selected from a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent.
 10. The preparation process according to claim 9, which is characterized in that The thiophosphorylating agent has a structure as represented by the formula (Z):

Wherein R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups A are each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I and OH (preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br); The phosphorus-nitridizing agent has a structure as represented by the formula (Z′):

Wherein groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); group A is each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, H and OH (preferably each independently selected from Cl and Br).
 11. The preparation process according to claim 9 or 10, which is characterized in that the thiophosphorylating agent is selected from one or more of thiophosphoryl chloride, thiophosphonic dichloride, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl thiophosphonic dichloride, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl phenyl thiophosphonic dichloride and phenyl thiophosphonic dichloride (preferably phenyl thiophosphonic dichloride); the phosphorus-nitridizing agent is selected from one or more of amino phosphoryl chloride, C₁-C₁₀ alkylaminophosphoryl chloride, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl phenylamino phosphoryl chloride and phenylamino phosphoryl chloride, preferably C₁-C₁₀ alkylaminophosphoryl chloride.
 12. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-11, which is characterized in that either step A of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is first performed, and step B of reacting the product of step A with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is then performed; or step B of reacting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) is first performed, and step A of subjecting the product of step B to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is then performed.
 13. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-12, which is characterized in that the epoxidation reaction is to react a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a product obtained from step B of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) with an epoxidizing agent, preferably, the epoxidizing agent is a peroxide, more preferably the epoxidizing agent is selected from one or more of hydrogen peroxide, peroxyformic acid, peroxyacetic acid, peroxysulfonic acid, m-chloro peroxybenzoic acid, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxyacetate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide.
 14. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-13, which is characterized in that the molar ratio of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidizing agent is 1:1-10 (preferably 1:2-5); the epoxidation reaction temperature is 0° C.-100° C. (preferably 10° C.-80° C.).
 15. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-14, which is characterized in that a catalyst is added to the epoxidation reaction, preferably, the catalyst is selected from inorganic acids, more preferably one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, a heteropoly acid and a solid acid.
 16. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-12, which is characterized in that the sulfurization reaction comprises a step of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a product obtained from step B of reacting a phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) with a phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) with a sulfurizing agent, preferably, the sulfurizing agent is an inorganic sulfurizing agent and/or an organic sulfurizing agent, more preferably the inorganic sulfurizing agent is selected from one or more of sulfur, Na₂S, K₂S, ZnS, H₂S and SCl; the organic sulfurizing agent can be selected from one or more of di-tert-butyl sulfide (DBPS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), ethyl mercaptan (EM), n-butyl mercaptan (NBM) and tert-nonyl polysulfide (TNPS).
 17. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-12 and 16, which is characterized in that in the sulfurization reaction, the molar ratio of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step B to the sulfurizing agent is 1:1-6 (preferably 1:2-4); the sulfurization reaction temperature is 100° C.-240° C. (preferably 140° C.-190° C.).
 18. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-12 and 16-17, which is characterized in that a catalyst is added to the sulfurization reaction, preferably, the catalyst is selected from C₁-C₆ organic amine and an inorganic base, more preferably the catalyst is selected from one or more of methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, dipropyl amine, tripropyl amine, butyl amine, amylamine, hexylamine, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, zinc oxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and zinc carbonate.
 19. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-12, which is characterized in that the conditions of the optional hydrogenation reaction comprise: hydrogen pressure: 1.0-6.0 MPa (preferably 3.0-4.0 MPa), temperature: 60° C.-260° C. (preferably 180° C.-220° C.), time: 0.5-10 h (preferably 3-5 h).
 20. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-12 and 19, which is characterized in that a hydrogenation catalyst is added during the hydrogenation reaction.
 21. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-20, which is characterized in that the conditions for reacting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A obtained from subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidation reaction or the sulfurization reaction or the optional hydrogenation reaction with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) comprise: the molar ratio of the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′) to the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A is 1:1-10 (preferably 1:1-5); the reaction temperature is 50° C.-150° C. (preferably 60° C.-100° C.).
 22. The preparation process according to claim 21, which is characterized in that the catalyst is added in the reaction of the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A with the phosphorous compound represented by the general formula (X′), preferably, the catalyst is C₁-C₁₀ organic amine and an inorganic ammonium, more preferably selected from one or more of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine and ammonia.
 23. The preparation process according to any of claims 9-22, which is characterized in that either step A of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is first performed, and step B of subjecting the product of step A and a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent to the thiophosphorylation reaction and/or the phosphorus-nitridation reaction is then performed, or step B of subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) and a thiophosphorylating agent and/or a phosphorus-nitridizing agent to the thiophosphorylation reaction and/or the phosphorus-nitridation reaction is first performed, step A of subjecting the product of step B to an epoxidation reaction or a sulfurization reaction or an optional hydrogenation reaction is then performed.
 24. The preparation process according to claim 23, which is characterized in that the conditions for reacting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A obtained from subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidation reaction or the sulfurization reaction or the optional hydrogenation reaction with the thiophosphorylating agent comprise: the molar ratio of the thiophosphorylating agent to the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) is 1:1-10 (preferably 1:1-5); the reaction temperature is 50° C.-150° C. (preferably 60° C.-100° C.).
 25. The preparation process according to claim 24, which is characterized in that the catalyst is added in the thiophosphorylation reaction, preferably, the catalyst is selected from C₁-C₁₀ organic amine and an inorganic ammonium, more preferably, the catalyst is selected from one or more of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine and ammonia.
 26. The preparation process according to claim 23, which is characterized in that the conditions for reacting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or the product of step A obtained from subjecting the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) to the epoxidation reaction or the sulfurization reaction or the optional hydrogenation reaction with the phosphorus-nitridizing agent comprise: the molar ratio of the phosphorus-nitridizing agent to the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) or a sulfurization reaction product thereof is 1:1-10 (preferably 1:1-3); the reaction temperature is 50° C.-150° C. (preferably 60° C.-100° C.).
 27. The preparation process according to claim 26, which is characterized in that a catalyst is added in the phosphorus-nitridation reaction, preferably, the catalyst is selected from C₁-C₁₀ organic amine and an inorganic ammonium, more preferably, the catalyst is selected from one or more of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine and ammonia.
 28. The preparation process according to any of claims 6-27, which is characterized in that the phenol compound represented by the general formula (X) is derived from natural plant cashew.
 29. The organophosphorus compound according to claim 1, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-1):

In the general formula (I-1), group R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-II), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-II);

In the general formula (II-II), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₄′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3).
 30. The organophosphorus compound according to claim 1, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-2):

In the general formula (I-2), the group R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-III), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-III);

In the general formula (II-III), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₇′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is an integral number of 1-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-3); the numbers m in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); the numbers m′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, m sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₅′.
 31. The organophosphorus compound according to claim 1, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-3):

In the general formula (I-3), group R_(Z) is selected from H, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl (preferably each independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₁₀ linear or branched alkoxyl, C₆-C₁₀ aryl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-I), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-I);

In the general formula (II-I), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is an integral number (preferably an integral number of 0-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3).
 32. The organophosphorus compound according to claim 1, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-4):

In the general formula (I-4), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear chain, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl or branched alkyl and a group represented by the formula (II-II), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-II);

In the general formula (II-II), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₄′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is a positive integral number (preferably a positive integral number of 1-10, preferably a positive integral number of 1-3).
 33. The organophosphorus compound according to claim 1, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-5):

In the general formula (I-5), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-III), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-III);

In the general formula (II-III), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₃′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from single bond, divalent or tervalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from divalent, tervalent or tetravalent C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₆′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₇′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); n is an integral number of 1-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-3); the numbers m in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 1-5); the numbers m′ in n repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from an integral number of 0-10 (preferably an integral number of 0-5); in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when m is greater than 0, m sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₂′ and R₅′; when m′ is greater than 0, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to groups R₃′ and R₄′; in each repeating unit of the formula (II-III), when group R₃′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₂′, when group R₄′ is a single bond, m′ sulfur atoms are bonded to group R₅′.
 34. The organophosphorus compound according to claim 1, which has a structure as represented by the general formula (I-6):

In the general formula (I-6), groups R₀ are each independently selected from H, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl C₆-C₂₀ aryl and C₁-C₃₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from phenyl, C₁-C₁₄ alkyl phenyl and C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from H, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkoxyl and a group represented by the formula (II-I), at least one group of groups R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a group represented by the formula (II-I);

In the general formula (II-I), group R₁′ is selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably selected from single bond and C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); groups R₂′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkylene (preferably each independently selected from single bond, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkylene); group R₃′ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₄′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); groups R₅′ in m repeating units are, identical to or different from each other, each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl (preferably each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄ linear or branched alkyl); m is an integral number (preferably an integral number of 0-10, more preferably a positive integral number of 1-3).
 35. A composition, which contains the organophosphorus compound according to any of claims 1-5 and 29-34 or the organophosphorus compound prepared with the preparation process according to any of claims 6-28.
 36. A lubricating oil, which contains a base oil and the organophosphorus compound according to any of claims 1-5 and 29-34 or the organophosphorus compound prepared with the preparation process according to any of claims 6-28.
 37. A lubricating grease, which contains a base oil and the organophosphorus compound according to any of claims 1-5 and 29-34 or the organophosphorus compound prepared with the preparation process according to any of claims 6-28.
 38. Use of the organophosphorus compound according to any of claims 1-5 and 29-34 or the organophosphorus compound prepared with the preparation process according to any of claims 6-28 as an extreme pressure antiwear additive, preferably as an extreme pressure antiwear additive for lubricating oil/lubricating grease. 